Light in August Essay

Violently employed, religion sallies forth the souls and lives of the Deep South. Consequently, â€Å"the weight of God’s wrath, according to the Bible, becomes white men’s ‘burden’ to carry [†¦]† (Bush 1). Bible Revealed through myriad characters, Light in August not only proves that Southerners inculcate their practice of religion but also engender religious brutality. Presented through Reverend Hightower, Doc Hines, and Mr. McEachern, Light in August establishes distinctive notions of faith. Reverend Hightower â€Å"believed with a calm joy that if ever there was a shelter, it would be the Church; that if ever the truth could walk naked and without shame or fear, it would be the seminary† (Faulkner 478). Diverging from Hightower, Mr. McEachern, viciously pious, believes that â€Å"the two virtues are a work and fear of God† (Faulkner 144). Blinded by his own version of religious life is Mr. Hines. Through lives of these characters, religious views with power from the Bible are evident. The initial moment Mr. McEachern adopts Joe Christmas, he emphasizes the significance of religion. In a serious manner, while introducing himself he avers, â€Å"†¦I will have you learn soon that the two abominations are sloth and idle thinking, the two virtues are work and the fear of God† (Faulkner 144). From a failure to memorize the â€Å"Presbyterian catechism,† Joe receives routine whippings from Mr. McEachern merely at the age of eight. (Faulkner 147). Habitual whippings â€Å"desensitized† Joe towards pain and violence; as a result, receiving them did not have an effect of him. (Faulkner 149). Using violence to teach religion, Mr.  McEachern employs two opposite methods which alter Joe’s mentality. Because the punishment and pain he receives from McEachern, he refuses to learn anything religious; consequently, Joe sees religion as pain. Without reservation, the single answer to this young boy’s incapability to memorize is severe punishment. â€Å"He believes that his job was to teach Joe his religion even if it meant by force, hence, his means to achieve this goal was relentless physical punishment. † (Bush 2) His own inability â€Å"to do God’s work† is his own failure as well, which tremendously frustrates him. This brutal implementation causes Joe to see Mr. McEachern and â€Å"His† religion as antagonists. Moreover, one night as Joe returns home accompanied by a number of bruises and marks, Mr. McEachern asks if Joe left a mark on the person he fought with. He does not ask who he is fighting with or why he is fighting; therefore, this proves to Joe that violence is tolerable. With his pants around his knees while McEachern sadistically beats him ten strokes per whipping, Joe ‘did not flinch. ’ The boy stares outward ‘with a rapt, calm expression like a monk’ (Faulkner 149). The scene demonstrates how a young child is taught, through brutal religious fanaticism, [†¦], he is nothing more than an animal: ‘Joe rose from the bed and went and knelt in the corner [†¦ ] above the outraged food kneeling, with his hands he ate, like a savage, like a dog. ’ (Bush 1) Faulkner produces characters that illustrate a failure to amend. Joe still receives that same punishment at the age of eighteen as he did when he was eight. Out of fear, Joe lies to Mr. McEachern about selling the heifer just to save himself from physical punishment; however, treating him as if he’s still young, Mr.  McEachern strikes Joe after discovering his lie. Present, Faulkner suggests a yearning of vengeance in Joe as he asserts, â€Å"Don’t you hit me again† (Faulkner 164-5). The last time Mr. McEachern attempts to strike Joe steers him to his death. Despite teaching Joe the peace, love and joy of religion, McEachern forcefully teaches Joe his own extreme vision of religion, the dark side. As a result, McEachern fails; he also lessens Joe’s feelings and emotions. Inherently, Joe inherits violence through the lessons of Mr. McEachern.

The Consumption of Alcohol by Aboriginal People Is an Important Social Issue in Modern Australia, and as Such This Essay Will Focus on Exploring It in Relation to Current Literature

Course: Bachelor of Applied Social Science ASSESSMENT DETAILS Unit/Module: Introduction to Contemporary Society Assessment Name: Academic Essay Assessment Number: 1 Term & Year: Term 2, 2011 Word Count: 530 DECLARATION I declare that this assessment is my own work, based on my own personal research/study . I also declare that this assessment, nor parts of it, has not been previously submitted for any other unit/module or course, and that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarised the work of another student and/or persons. I have read the ACAP Student Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct Policy and understand its implications. I also declare, if this is a practical skills assessment, that a Client/Interviewee Consent Form has been read and signed by both parties, and where applicable parental consent has been obtained. The consumption of Alcohol by Aboriginal people is an important social issue in modern Australia, and as such this essay will focus on exploring it in relation to current literature. Marxist argues that the health status of individuals exist because of inequalities in society and the broader influences of society need to be addressed (van Krieken et al. , 2006). Environmental factors in the human environment are known as the social determinants of health and could include education, health behaviours, employment, social integration, socioeconomic and income. (Health and Ageing, 2009). According to Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Aboriginals are more disadvantaged compared to non-Indigenous people and socioeconomic factors have been taken into consideration to identify the relationship between alcohol and drug use . Even thou there have been improvements made to a variety of social determinants, statistics still show that Aboriginals have more obstacles to overcome than the non-Indigenous Australians. (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2009). To have a better understanding of the alcohol use among Aboriginals, the historical context needs to be taken into account (van Krieken et al. , 2006). The Aboriginals were exposed to alcohol, preceding the ‘First Fleet’ in 1788 where it’s availability increased remarkably after European contact. After the settlers had introduced alcohol as an exchange for sex and labour it soon became obvious that alcohol had a negative effect (Saggers and Gray, 1998). Aboriginals used alcohol as a ‘remedy-all’ for their pain and many of them used it as an agent to cope with the fact that they were being ruled by non-indigenous people. In the late 19th century laws were brought about to restrict Aboriginals from accessing alcohol. The laws did little to reduce the alcohol consumption but instead excluded Aboriginals from important social activities (Saggers and Gray, 1998). Martin and Brady (2004) suggest that out of fear of being captured and rejected, Aboriginals developed patterns of harmful drinking which continues to this day and have a major impact on their health – whilst the non-Indigenous Australians profited from the sale (Department of Health and Ageing, 2009) A history of social determinants such as social exclusion, a legal framework supporting the removal of children from families, removal from country and racism have influenced the health status of Aboriginals. It was believed that during the colonisation period, Aboriginals were a dying race and a protection policy was implemented. They lost their independence due to this policy which forced them to give up where they lived and how they lived (van Krieken et al. , 2006). After the World War II, a new policy was introduced where Aboriginals were to become one (assimilated) and recognised as part of the Australian population. This included removal of children from their families – which had a disastrous ramifications on Aboriginals way of life and family (van Krieken et al. 2006). In conclusion, we can see that the influence of social factors have had a big impact on the way Aboriginals consume alcohol. As a result the activities and behaviours of Aboriginals need to be seen in it’s historical context and improvements need to be made for the inadequate living arrangement and social state that is being experience by many Aboriginals. References Australian Bureau of Statistics (2 009) National Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander social survey, 2008. Retrieved from http://www. abs. gov. au/ausstats/[email  protected] nsf/mf/4714. 0? OpenDocument Martin D, Brady M (2004) Human rights, drinking rights? : alcohol policy and Indigenous Australians. Lancet; 364(9441), 1282-3 Department of Health and Ageing. (2009, April 20). Men’s Health Policy Information Paper Executive Summary. Retrieved from www. health. gov. au/internet/main/publishing. nsf/ Content/mhipExecSum-09-mhipExecSum-09-ch2 van Krieken, R. , Habibis, D. , Smith, P. Hutchins, B. , Martin, G. & Maton, K. (2006). Sociology (3rd Ed. ). Sydney, Australia: Pearson Education Saggers S, Gray D (1998) Dealing with alcohol: Indigenous usage in Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press ———————– In order to ensure your assessment is correctly identified, the information and declaration below must be copied and pasted on to the title page of each written assessment. You must enter your own details prior to submission.

Crosby Manufacturing Corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crosby Manufacturing Corporation - Research Paper Example es comprising of financial reporting were discussed as they were in need of introducing computerized system for their projects’ financial reporting. The manager from MIS department talked about the feasibility study and addressed different costs related to the employment of the system. However, for further information, EDP department manager was consulted regarding vendor evaluation and a complete list was developed that acted as a benchmark in regard to the evaluation of the vendors and the employment of the system. The president however concluded the meeting by appointing Tim Emary as the project director and thereby disturbed the organizational structure. The decision of Wilfred Livingston about appointing Tim Emary as a project director was a mistake in a sense that when initially matrix structure was introduced, the organization was working quite well. Tim Emary was appointed as a planner in the organization. Later on MIS, EDP and other functional departments were informed regarding the appointment of Emary as a project director and this disturbed the organizational structure. It was a mistake on the part of president of the company because a planner can only plan the things but cannot head the projects because according to Kerzner (2009) the project manager is given the responsibility of managing company’s resources within prescribed time duration. Keeping in view this, it is not reasonable to appoint a planner as a project director because he can only plan the activities and cannot carry out proper allocation of the company’s resources for the execution of a project through line managers. The employees’ reaction after the appointment of the Tim Emary must be very shocking as the project manager appointed is always concerned with the allocation of the resources and a person in planning department cannot have an idea regarding where to employ resources efficiently because he lacks the required knowledge of important dimensions of the project and

Executive Remuneration in Australian Companies Research Paper

Executive Remuneration in Australian Companies - Research Paper Example Thus the Australian Government policy goals mainly depend on the remuneration practice, especially the engagement and voting activities of the companies. However this research proposal would demonstrate the shareholders' interest on developing an effective executive remuneration regime for directors and executives and identify an effective remuneration regime in Australia which is needed for development and transparency of the remuneration process and practice in a causal contingency framework of convergence/divergence. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks on executive remuneration for directors of Australian companies and executives have been developed over the years to support efficiency hypothesis which invariably borders on the need to increase value of the firm in conformance with critical success factors. According to Chartered Secretaries Australia (CSA), directors and executive remuneration levels and structure have often been influenced by the existence of a variety of factors like community and political concerns, rules and regulations, code of practice and guidelines, market exchange rules and accounting standards. Under the section 9 of the Corporation Act defines remuneration of executive as "remuneration if and only if the benefit, were it received by a director of the corporation, would be remuneration of the director for the purposes of an accounting standard that deals with disclosure in companies' financial reports of information about directors' remuneration" (Australian Corpora tion & Securities Legislation, 2009). The remuneration to all the executives in an organization can be explained as the aggregate or sum of the payments receiving by all the executives including Directors, CEO, and Managers from a company or a corporation. Thus it consists of the normal payments to the executives such as basic salary, all incentives, bonus, shares and any other benefits such as allowances. Executive remuneration is a very important element of corporate governance and the level of benefits are determining by the board of directors. The determination of the level of the income of all these key individuals in accompany is a complex process to the

Aesthetics in Early Childhood Education Research Paper

Aesthetics in Early Childhood Education - Research Paper Example Undeniably, technology instruments have been located in children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play and their contributions to learning experiences in early childhood education environments accordingly. In that case, children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play are the three most important pre-school activities because they influence instructional outcomes in early childhood education directly. Proof of the combination of technology instruments in children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play in the Early Childhood education contexts exists. A rigorous literature review of a substantial amount of varying sources explores the argument that technology instruments play a crucial role in children’s music teaching and learning, children’s visual aids, and children’s role-play. After carefully elaborating the relevant literature and argument, three major proposals emerge; the first one suggests that technology instruments in music teaching facilitate the quality and efficiency in the learning motivation of early childhood education children. ... ve and interesting visual aids that apply technological instruments are large motivation boosters to the early childhood education learning experiences. The third and final proposal is that technology instruments facilitate the levels of performance of children (this entails several aspects namely emotional expression, emotional regulation, emotional utilization, and interpersonal relationship) in Children’s role-play in the kindergartens. In this respect, the early childhood education children are highly involved in role-plays that apply technology instruments because they are able not only to express their emotions, but also to utilize these emotions and subsequent interpersonal relationships in learning. Overall, this paper arrives at three major conclusions in relation to the three proposals mentioned before; firstly, indeed technology instruments in music teaching facilitate the quality and efficiency in the learning motivation of early childhood education children. Secon dly, technology instruments in visual aids facilitate the quality and efficiency in the learning motivation of children, and finally, technology instruments facilitate Children's performance in children’s role-play, especially in terms of emotional expression, emotional regulation, emotional utilization, and interpersonal relationships. B. Introduction Normally, early childhood educators are constantly searching for the most effective learning experiences that can help to enhance the quality of education for young children (Lim, 2005), and aesthetic experiences in particular have proven quite successful especially in the teaching of arts and even across disciplines (Whitehead, 2004). Expert analyses have established that aesthetic experiences have the effect of expanding the learning

HCA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HCA - Essay Example Considering the availability and application of various growth and expansion strategies in the health sector, strategic planning is paramount to help in monitoring the progress of implementation and evaluation of different stages as a directive measure of success. Objectives In a bid to improve its productivity in terms of service delivery and improve its competitive advantage in the health sector, HCA intends to improve its economies of scale in areas of management, purchases, production and marketing. In addition, it intends to incorporate new growth and expansion strategies such as telemedicine, mergers and joint ventures and improve on employee satisfaction in a bid to restore clients’ confidence and enhance good governance/organization culture within its institutions. This will improve on resource allocation and enable the management in monitoring the progress of the institution in line with its core objectives of quality delivery of medical services, maintenance of its b usiness position/market share, reputation and profit maximization. Implementation Plan To achieve the above mentioned objectives, the organization requires conducting an intensive environmental scan to ascertain the internal functioning of its institutions, evaluation of its position in relation to the industry’s tasks environment and evaluation of the external macro-environment factors. This will call for evaluation of its technological advancements in the field of nursing and medicine, and analysis of its preparedness to incorporate/absorb the competitive aspect of other stakeholders in the health sector. To achieve and overcome the social aspect of its programs, the organization will analyse health consciousness, population growth rate, and emphasis on career safety and attitude among the employees (Harrison & A.U.P in Health Administration, 2010). To achieve the growth and expansion objective, the organization will look into political and economic factors such as tax poli cy, employment laws, economic growth, inflation rates and environmental regulations of different states and economies where they intend to expand their services. This will be coupled by independent programs by its affiliate institutions through effective budgeting and allocation and mitigation procedures in the respective institutions. There will be funds set aside, from the affiliate institutions, to help in financing new ventures that it intends to open within the United States and abroad. This will be guided by the SWOT analysis in which the organization will evaluate its strengths and weaknesses in relation to forthcoming opportunities and threats. Functional Tactics In order to achieve an effective implementation plan, HCA intends to combine several tactics which will comprehensively meet the needs of stakeholders in the industry. Policy/strategy formulation will rely on the information from the environmental scan which will be matched with the SWOT analysis to evaluate the opt imum strategies. To achieve profitability and competitive advantage, the organization will apply product and services differentiation so as to attract clients from all economic and social backgrounds. This will feature strategies such as lowering costs of medicines and therapies in line with regional needs, differentiating products through mechanization and application of science and technology to promote client satisfaction, and customization of nursing services to be governed by an in-depth understanding of the

Data Set Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Data Set - Essay Example What is the range of a set of data? Refers to the difference between the highest and the lowest data values of a given data set What is another name for the lower quartile? The first quartile What is the lower quartile? It divides the lower fourth of the data set from the upper three fourths What are the other two names for the middle quartile? The median, the second quartile What is the middle quartile? It refers to the overall median term of a given data set What is another name for the upper quartile? Third quartile What is the upper quartile? It is the median of the data values in the upper half of a data set What is the 5 number summary of a set of data? low value, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, high value What is a box plot? Refers to plot that shows the five number summary visually with a rectangular box enclosing the lower and upper quartiles, a line marking the median and whiskers extending to the minimum and maximum values. The term standard deviation sounds really scary, but it is not really a horrible monster what is it a measure of? It is a measure of spread or variation What is the formula we use to find the standard deviation of a set of data? standard deviation=√(sum of (deviations from mean)^2/total number of data values-1) What is the range rule of thumb? It is the relationship between the standard deviation and the range given by

Public Policy Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Public Policy Analysis - Assignment Example The strength of this framework lies in that it takes into consideration, all the actors at play, and their mutual dynamics, in a given policy situation. The shortcomings in the prevailing, stages heuristic theory, the problems with both â€Å"top-down and bottom-up approaches†, and the lacunae in the existing theories with respect to â€Å"scientific and technical information† had prompted the birth of the Advocacy Coalition Framework (Weible, Sabatier and McQueen, 122). This theory has looked at policy change as an attribute of several factors, namely, science and technology, time span, â€Å"policy subsystems†, and individual â€Å"beliefs† (Weible, Sabatier and McQueen, 122). It is the collective action of different advocacy groups that form into a temporary coalition on a specific issue (even if these groups differ among them on other issues) that is projected as a catalyst for policy change, according to this theory (Birkland, 300). Both the subsystem events and changes in the external policy environment have been viewed by this framework as to cause policy change (Weible, Sabatier and McQueen, 123-4). ... The basic notion of this theory has been that â€Å"individuals- acting alone, or within organizations- are utility-maximizing, rational individuals who are goal-oriented and use near-perfect information to weigh a range of options before adopting the optimal choice based on their calculation of costs and benefits† (Birkland, 302). This is a rule-based framework (where rules are implicit rather than binding), where policy changes are determined by â€Å"encompassing efficiency, equity, accountability, â€Å"conformance to general morality†, (†¦), and adaptability† (Birkland, 304). From this theoretical perspective, the actors who bring about policy change are acting either â€Å"as individuals or as groups functioning as a corporate actor† (Warne, 20). This theory has also envisaged a three tier process of policy creation/change, the tiers being, â€Å"operational tier (†¦) collective tier (†¦) (and) constitutional tier† (Warne, 20-21 ). My personal experiences and understanding of public policy suggest that the Advocacy Coalition Framework has succeeded in identifying the wider and specific aspects of policy making and integrating them beautifully, but it has failed to notice that all negotiations can happen only within the given legal and moral realm. On the other hand, the theory of Institutional Rational Choice has stressed the universal aspect of a policy choice. It has been successful in incorporating the coalition element of the Advocacy Coalition Framework, as one among its three tier model and has thus went beyond the Advocacy Coalition Framework to put forth a more comprehensive theoretical model. But all the same, the Institutional

Academic Degree and Financial Aid Essay Example for Free

Academic Degree and Financial Aid Essay Thank you in advance for taking the time to review my letter of appeal for financial aid reinstatement. First, let me say, I wholeheartedly appreciate your granting me this award in order to make my educational dreams a blissful reality. It would be a great honor for me to continue on the path which I started before I suffered this temporary setback. I take full responsibility for why my grades slipped and because unsatisfactory. There is no one else to blame but myself for not being able to control my emotional state during a time of terrible crisis to the point where I could maintain an acceptable G. P. A. For that I am sincerely sorry because I feel that I have let many people down, including myself. I put a lot of effort to pass most of my classes, yet I still failed my English course due to some negligence on my part as concerns my work which was to determine my grade in the course; I did everything possible to do great in the course despite my mistakes but I guess it was not good enough during the semester Fall 2013. I promise not to make such mistakes anymore, and be more responsible. I am asking this committee to give me a second chance to prove that I am worthy of this award so I can continue in my studies this Fall 2014 Semester. I do realize that I neglected my studies and I would like another chance to do better in them. I have compiled a list of steps I need to take in order to be successful in school and my studies. 1. I would obtain a tutor for my most difficult classes by becoming familiar with the tutoring center on campus 2. I would manage my time wisely so that I can balance my life and studies together. 3. Meet with each of my instructors and talk with them, about what they believe will make me be a better student in their class. 4. Go to the scheduled office hours of each of my instructors, when facing any difficulties. 5. Talk with my advisor who is assisting me with my Academic Degree plan. She advises me on the classes and hours that would be suitable for me. 6. Go to class on time as scheduled to take advantage of what they have to offer. My goal is to earn a degree in business so I can make a difference in the lives of people and young students. This is very important to me because I’ve always been interested on being a business lady in the future during my days as a kid. I can only be able to achieve my goal if my financial aid is being appealed, because as an individual my family face a lot of financial difficulties and I’m not able to pay my tuition or even get my books. I am a hard working student and very determined, and I would like the chance to prove to you that this 2014 Fall Semester would not be a disappointment. I would try hard to be a good role model to my family, friends and other students. My education is of paramount importance to me. Thank you for your time Yours Sincerely, Ruth Taku.

On Translation of English Proverbs Essay Example for Free

On Translation of English Proverbs Essay Abstractï ¼Å¡Proverbs, which derive from life are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation. Proverb is a form of literature,its terseness and depth is the result of sand washing from rough sea and discarding the dross and selecting the essential in the course of language culture development. The proverb has the bright characteristic of a nation. Because of the differences of religious beliefs, habits and customs, fables and myth and culture and art, English proverbs and Chinese proverbs carry on the different national cultural characteristics and information. In translation,these cultural elements are the main difficulties and they form  the influencing factor of the translation of English proverbs.This essay uses some typical examples to state four factors through analyzing, comparing and concluding from the point of geographical environment, customs, religious beliefs and historical culture. In order to present an adequate translation of a proverb, we can use four translation methods flexibly: literal translation, free translation, substitution translation and literal translation combined with free translation. Key words: English proverb influencing factor translation method æ µâ€¦Ã¨ °Ë†Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¨ °Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§ ¿ »Ã¨ ¯â€˜ Ã¥ ­ ¦ 生ï ¼Å¡Ã©Æ' Ã¦â„¢â€œÃ¦â€" ° ä ¸â€œ ä ¸Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã¨â€¹ ± è ¯ ­ æÅ'‡å ¯ ¼ è€ Ã¥ ¸Ë†Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã¨ µ µÃ¤ ¸ ¹Ã¤ ¸ ¹ 摘è ¦ Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã¨ °Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¦  ¥Ã¦ º Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã§â€Å¸Ã¦ ´ »Ã¯ ¼Å'æ˜ ¯Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦ °â€˜Ã¦â€" Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã¥â€™Å'æâ€"‡åÅ'â€"çš„é «ËœÃ¥ º ¦Ã¦ µâ€œÃ§ ¼ ©Ã¥â€™Å'集ä ¸ ­Ã¤ ½â€œÃ§Å½ °Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¨ °Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã§ § Ã¦â€"‡å ­ ¦Ã¥ ½ ¢Ã¥ ¼ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¨ °Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦ ´â€"ç »Æ'å’Å'æ · ±Ã¥Ë† »Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ ªÃ¦ °â€˜Ã¦â€" Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥â€¦ ¶Ã¦ ¼ «Ã©â€¢ ¿Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨ ¯ ­Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã¦â€"‡å ­â€"Ã¥ â€˜Ã¥ ±â€¢Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¦ µ ªÃ¦ ·ËœÃ¦ ²â„¢Ã¯ ¼Å'åŽ »Ã§ ²â€"Ã¥ â€"ç ² ¾Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§ »â€œÃ¦Å¾Å"ï ¼Å'è °Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¥â€¦ ·Ã¦Å"‰é ²Å"明的æ °â€˜Ã¦â€" Ã§â€° ¹Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§â€ ±Ã¤ ºÅ½Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ Å'çš„å ®â€"æ•™ä ¿ ¡Ã¤ » °Ã¯ ¼Å'é £Å½Ã¤ ¿â€"ä ¹  Ã¦Æ' ¯Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¯â€œÃ¨ ¨â‚¬Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¨ ¯ Ã¤ » ¥Ã¥ Å Ã¦â€"‡å ­ ¦Ã¨â€° ºÃ¦Å" ¯Ã¨ ¯ ¸Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã¦â€" ¹Ã©  ¢Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ · ®Ã¥ ¼â€šÃ¯ ¼Å'è‹ ±Ã¯ ¼Å'æ ±â€°Ã¨ °Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¦â€° ¿Ã¨ ½ ½Ã§ â‚¬Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ Å'çš„æ °â€˜Ã¦â€" Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"ç‰ ¹Ã¨â€° ²Ã¥â€™Å'ä ¸ Ã¥ Å'çš„æâ€"‡åÅ'â€"ä ¿ ¡Ã¦  ¯Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥Å" ¨Ã § ¿ »Ã¨ ¯â€˜Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'è ¿â„¢Ã¤ ºâ€ºÃ¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"å›  Ã§ ´  Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ¸ »Ã¨ ¦ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€º °Ã©Å¡ ¾Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ »â€"ä » ¬Ã¦Å¾â€žÃ¦Ë† Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¥ ½ ±Ã¥â€œ Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¨ °Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã§ ¿ »Ã¨ ¯â€˜Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€º  Ã§ ´  Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦Å" ¬Ã¦â€"‡å€ŸåŠ ©Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ºâ€ºÃ¥â€¦ ¸Ã¥Å¾â€¹Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¤ ¾â€¹Ã¥ ­ Ã¯ ¼Å'ä »Å½Ã¥Å" °Ã§ â€ Ã§Å½ ¯Ã¥ ¢Æ'〠Ã© £Å½Ã¤ ¿â€"ä ¹  Ã¦Æ' ¯Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥ ®â€"æ•™ä ¿ ¡Ã¤ » °Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥Å½â€ Ã¥  ²Ã¦â€"‡åÅ'â€"æâ€" ¹Ã©  ¢Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¦Å¾ Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ§ § Ã¥ ½ ±Ã¥â€œ Ã¥â€º  Ã§ ´  Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ¸ ºÃ¤ ºâ€ Ã¥ ¿  Ã¥ ®Å¾Ã£â‚¬ Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã© ¡ ºÃ¥Å" °Ã¥â€  Ã§Å½ °Ã¨â€¹ ±Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¥Å½Å¸Ã¨ °Å¡,Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã§  µÃ¦ ´ »Ã¨ ¿ Ã§â€ ¨Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ§ § Ã¨ ¯â€˜Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦Å" ¬Ã¦â€"‡è ® ¨Ã¨ ® ºÃ¤ ºâ€ Ã§â€º ´Ã¨ ¯â€˜Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦â€ž Ã¨ ¯â€˜Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥ Å'ä ¹â€°Ã¨ °Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¥ ¥â€"ç” ¨Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã£â‚¬ Ã§â€º ´Ã¨ ¯â€˜Ã¥â€™Å'æ„ Ã¨ ¯â€˜Ã§â€º ¸Ã§ »â€œÃ¥ Ë†Ã¨ ¿â„¢Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ§ § Ã§ ¿ »Ã¨ ¯â€˜Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã£â‚¬â€š å… ³Ã©â€ ®Ã¨ ¯ : è‹ ±Ã¨ ¯ ­Ã¨ °Å¡Ã¨ ¯ ­ Ã¥ ½ ±Ã¥â€œ Ã¥â€º  Ã§ ´   ç ¿ »Ã¨ ¯â€˜Ã¦Å â‚¬Ã¥ · §

The Prevention Of Diarrhea Health And Social Care Essay

The Prevention Of Diarrhea Health And Social Care Essay Diarrhea is one of the most perennial health problem  causing both morbidity and mortality worldwide in children especially among developing nations. The vast majority of deaths worldwide from diarrhea (2-3 million deaths per year) are from young children in developing countries. The United States have 220,000 children younger than 5 years old that are hospitalized each year with diarrhea comprising approximately 9% of all hospitalization in this age group. Diarrhea incidence in children younger than3 years of age has been estimated to be 1.3 to 2.3 episodes per child per year. The incidence rate in children attending day care centers are higher. More than US$ 2 billion are spent yearly as direct cost of hospitalization and outpatient care [1]. Despite advances in treatment and diagnostics, recurrence of cases and epidemics surface from time to time from different parts of the world. The problem seem to be not just of diagnostics and treatment but more so with the basic preventive aspect of diarrhea among children. The promotive and preventive role of handwashing in diarrheal cases can not be overemphasized. Its cost effectiveness, relative ease of application and implementation are evidence- based and makes a lot of economic and healthful sense considering the cost related to hospitalization and out patient care of diarrheal cases. II. Objectives: Establish causal relation between handwashing and occur- rence of diarrhea among children. Highlight the key role of handwashing for health promotion and prevention of diarrhea among children Provide recommendations relating to the legal, ethical and health policy implication of handwashing for the prevention of diarrhea among   children. III. Methodology Literature search was done from scholarly published materials to meet the objectives of this seminar discussion. The subject of the research is limited to children aged 0-12 years old. IV. Discussion    Evidences of clinical benefit of handwashing/hand hygiene dates back from Semmelweis (1818-1865). While working in the General Hospital of Vienna, he demonstrated that puerperal fever was a contagious disesase caused by infectious organism which was spread from patient to patient via the hands of health care workers (HCW) [9]. A hundred years later another key observation by Rammelkamp and his co-worker who demonstrated that direct contact was the main mode of transmission of Staphylococcus aureus among neonates in the nursery [3]. The same controlled study done by Rammelkamp and co- workers demonstrated that handwashing between patient contacts reduced levels of S. aureus acquisition to the low levels resulting from airborne transmission. The EPIC Systematic Review in 2001 showed that liquid (even non-medicated) soap and water will effectively decontaminate hands but 70% alcohol or an alcohol based antiseptic hand rub provides the most effective decontamination for a wide variety of organisms (S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella, Clostridium difficile and rotavirus). A review of published literature from 1879 through 1986 consisting of 423 articles and spanning 107 years demonstrated that except for specificity, all the elements of causality, including temporality, strength, plausibility, consistency of association and dose response were present. As concluded, the emphasis on handwashing as a primary infection control measure has not been misplaced and should continue [6]. Studies specifically linking handwashing to prevent diarrhea in children was conducted in different countries in various care settings. A study comparing 2 day care centers with handwashing program (HWC) and 2 control centers (CC) showed that incidence of diarrhea in HWC began to fall (after the program was begun) and after the second month of the study was consistently lower than the CC. The incidence of diarrhea in HWC was approximately half that of the CC for the entire 35-week study period [1]. In a randomized controlled trial in a high risk community in Pakistan where diarrhea is a leading cause of child death, an improvement in handwashing in the household reduced the incidence of diarrhea among children at high risk of death from the same cause. Children living in households that received handwashing promotion and plain soap had a 53% lower incidence of diarrhea compared to children in the control population. Infants in households that received handwashing promotion and plain soap had 39% fewer days with diarrhea vs infants living in control neighborhoods. Severely malnourished children younger than 5 years in the intervention group had 42% fewer days with diarrhea vs severely malnourished children in control group. Similar reductions in diarrhea were observed among children living in households receiving antibacterial soap[5]. A systematic review with random effects meta-analysis by Curtis and Cairncross showed data sources which are studies linking handwashing with diarrheal diseases. Of which were seven intervention studies, six case control, two cross sectional and two cohort studies. Results showed that washing hands with soap can reduce the risk of diarrheal disease by 42-47% and interventions to promote handwashing might save a million lives[2]. A clinical advisory from the CDC[7] and Mayo Clinic[8] stated that handwashing is the easiest, simplest to do and most effective way to stay healthy and to prevent spread of infection and illness in all settings. For the specific purpose of this discussion, among children in various care settings, in home, day care, school and neighborhoods. Clean hands can stop germs from spreading from one child to another and even entire communities. The potential ways of dealing with this situation includes education, development, implementation and enforcement of regulations and use of infection control and for this particular case, handwashing. V. Summary, Conclusions, Recommendations The preponderance of evidence from studies spanning hundreds of years effectively establish the practice of handwashing as evidence-based not only for prevention of diarrhea among children but even as primary infection control in the transmission of nosocomial infections. Handwashing, being the simplest, most health promotive and effective primary infection control for the prevention of diarrhea among children can not be overemphasized in the light of economic cost, sick days and lives lost attributable to diarrhea. It is therefore recommended that advocacy for handwashing in terms of educating involved individuals, caregivers, families and children themselves should be given top priority. This should come in a form of tri-media campaign in schools, workplaces, communities, homes, etc. Handwashing programs should be implemented and even enforcement of strict regulations or legislations might as well be in place if needed be.

Essay on Character Movement in James Joyces Dubliners -- Dubliners Es

Character Movement in Dubliners  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In a letter to his publisher, Grant Richards, concerning his collection of stories called Dubliners, James Joyce wrote: My intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis. I have tried to present it to the indifferent public under four of its aspects: childhood, adolescence, maturity, and public life. The stories are arranged in this order. I have written it for the most part in a style of scrupulous meanness and with the conviction that he is a very bold man who dares to alter in the resentment, still more to deform, whatever he has seen and heard (Peake 2). Joyce's passion for Dublin presents itself in the copious detail he uses in Dubliners. No street name, tower, pub, or church is left unspecified. Joyce often boasted to his brother Stanislaus that if Dublin were to disappear off the face of the earth, it would not be difficult to reconstruct it, simply based on Joyce's work (Walzl 169). Though all but three of the Dubliners stories were written while Joyce was in self-imposed exile form Ireland, he describes strolls his characters took throughout Dublin, carefully noting every turn of every street corner. The movements Joyce notes are not arbitrary, but symbolic. Joyce intended for his audience to give special attention to the direction of the characters' movements. In most of the stories, the East symbolizes willful exile and escape. Movements westward indicate acceptance of corruption and eternal paralysis. In Dubliners, Joyce uses symbolic physical movement to trace the different stages of paralysis in his characters. In the three childhood stories, "Sist... ...ements of his book" (60). The movements of Joyce's characters in his work Dubliners offer a telling picture of where Joyce predicted the city of Dublin was headed. Works Cited Bidwell, Bruce and Linda Heffer. The Joycean Way: A Topographic Guide to Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Johns Hopkins: Baltimore, 1981. Gifford, Don. Joyce Annotated: Notes for Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. University of California: Berkeley, 1982. Joyce, James. Dubliners. Penguin Books: New York, 1975. Peake, C.H. James Joyce: The Citizen and the Artist. Stanford University: Stanford, 1977. Tindall, William York. A Reader's Guide to James Joyce. Noonday Press: New York, 1959. Walzl, Florence L. "Dubliners." A Companion Study to James Joyce. Ed. Zack Bowen and James F. Carens. Greenwood Press: London, 1984.   

The Left Membrane Vs. The Right Membrane :: essays papers

THE LEFT MEMBRANE VS. THE RIGHT MEMBRANE â€Å"Most people equate learning with studying, but psychologists define it more broadly, as the process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior. This definition certainly encompasses academic learning, but it covers many other forms of learning as well: learning to turn off lights when we leave a room, learning which way to put the key into the front door lock, learning how to avoid falling down on skis, learning how to dance† (Morris & Maistro, 185). The largest part of the human brain is the cerebrum. It is divided into two haves, or hemispheres, each of which controls is opposite half of the body, The hemispheres are connected by a band of some three hundred million nerve cell fibers called the corpus callosum. Covering each hemisphere is a one-eighth-inch-thick, intricately folded layer of nerve cells called the cortex. The cortex first appeared in our ancestors about two hundred million years ago, and it is what makes us uniquely human. Because of it, we are to organize, remember, communicate, understand, appreciate, and create. The brain regulates all bodily functions. It controls our most primitive behavior; eating, sleeping, keeping warm, it is responsible for our most sophisticated activities; the creation of civilization, of music, art, science, and language. Our hopes, thoughts, emotions, and personality are all lodged-somewhere-inside there. â€Å"After thousands of scientist have studied it for centuries, the only word to describe it remains Amazing† (Ornstein & Thompson, 15). In normal people, the switch with manic depression, allows either the left or right hemisphere to be dominant during different mental tasks, with the two sides constantly taking turns. In people with manic depression, one hemisphere becomes locked into a dominant position in periods of depression while the other hemisphere is locked at times of mania. â€Å"The notion that the human brain has two halves and that the left side is associated with logical, analytical thinking while the right side is more intuitive, emotional and creative was popularized about 20 years ago, and soon became received wisdom about how the brain works† (Castro). â€Å"The new theories are also appealing to many experts because they take on a question that has divided researchers for decades. Do people have one overarching mind that spans the two hemispheres? Or are they born with two separate minds -- one on the left and one on the right -- which operate so seamlessly that the person simply does not notice that there are two?

Perception Ppt Essay

Details: Imagine you are an expert on critical thinking. A local high school wants you to present your knowledge to its seniors and asks that you create a PowerPoint presentation to specifically explain perception and critical thinking. 1. Create a PowerPoint presentation that explains the concepts of perception and critical thinking to high school seniors. In your explanation, address the following: * How all five senses impact perception. * The role of perception in critical thinking. For directions on how to create a PowerPoint presentation, refer to the â€Å"How to Create a PowerPoint Presentation Resource.† * Your PowerPoint presentation should include the following: 1. 8 slides (1 title slide, 6 content slides, and 1 reference slide). 2. Put key points in bullets. The bullets are what the audience would see during a presentation. Remember not to overcrowd each slide. 3. Elaborate on the bullet points in the slide notes for all 6 content slides. The slide notes section is where the speaker documents what he/she would say during the presentation. While GCU style format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using GCU documentation guidelines, which can be found in the GCU Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a grading rubric that can be viewed at the assignment’s drop box. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

Cinema Rant Essay

Cinemas should be a fun, easy day out, right? Wrong.   Im sure for some people, if their idea of fun is uncomfortable seats, over priced food, drinks and tickets and half an hour worth of adverts, then yes, cinemas are a very enjoyable day out. So I get to the cinema and go to buy tickets, I and many others were shocked to find how much ticket prices had increased. For a family of four to go to the Vue cinema it would cost  £29.40, almost  £30 for a film that you could buy on dvd for less than  £10 and watch in the comfort of your own home with as many people as you like. Added to the ridiculous price of tickets, theres also the outrages price of food and drinks. Yes, i know that these are delightful buckets of freshly popped corn with such beautiful aromas and tastes that make your nostrils and taste buds dance with delight and†¦ Oh wait its the same (if not worse) than the popcorn you get in any average supermarket, the only difference is that in the cinema, it can cost up to  £4 for a small bucket where as in supermarkets a packet of ‘Butterkist popcorn’ can cost as little as  £1! The cinemas do make most of there money from food and drink which is absurd considering we come to cinemas to watch films, not to eat stale, salty snacks or overpriced, melted chocolate. Another point is that once you get into the cinema, you are greeted with the sight of scratchy, small seats that seem to be teasing you, saying ‘oh aren’t you happy you decided to get these seats instead of paying an extra fiver for the big, comfortable, leather vip seats; enjoy the movie, if you can concentrate that is whilst you have a constant itch on your back’. In addition to the miniature seats, there are also the very limited arm rests and whilst you were taking your time getting into your seat and getting settled, the two people either side of you have decided to take advantage of you not being there and taken up both arm rests- leaving you even more cramped then you were before. You would think by the amount of money they must get from food and drink, then can use some of it to make it a more comfortable and enjoyable experience for everyone. So then after half an hour of awkward shuffling in your seat trying to get comfortable the film finally starts. Yes thats right HALF AN HOUR of adverts! So after the tedious adverts we’ve all seen a million times before we get down to watching a very mediocre film that we feel like we’ve seen before. Now don’t you think that whole experience would have been a lot more pleasant in your own home? So please cinema owners, take note of this rant and use some of that money your getting from your overpriced food, drinks and tickets and don’t waste it on your flash cars or big houses, spend it wisely on making our cinema experience a lot more pleasurable and then maybe we would come back again and then you can get your flash cars and big houses.

Contrasting Treadwell and McCandless

Compare and Contrast of Treadwell and McCandless When reading Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer as it documents the Journey Chris McCandless took and watching the movie The Grizzly Man as it documents Timothy Treadwell's journey to document bears I was struck by how similar the two men, McCandless and Treadwell, really were. Yes, there were a great many differences between the two but also by how similar they were. While both men showed how they hated modern society and felt a strong desire to live outside of our society, they both also had very different takes on Alaskan wilderness and how to survive in their Journeys.Just as both loved the outdoors, however, the two had very different practices concerning it. Treadwell would return to society every summer to work and prepare for his next outing and Treadwell refused to take a gun with him. In contrast, McCandless spent all of his time outdoors and away from human society unless he absolutely needed to and carried a gun with him into th e wilderness. Treadwell and McCandless both felt very constrained by human society and preffered to live out in the wilderness if possible.While Treadwell would return to human society for work and to raise money or his next outing or teach others about what he learned of the bears, McCandless tried to spend as much time as he possibly could away from other humans. In Chapter five of Into the Wild it was documented that McCandless had spent at least thirty-six days without seeing another human at one point and throughout the first six chapters it is documented that the most time he ever spent in one place was two months in order to raise money to go to Alaska. Furthermore, McCandless did his best to keep people distant from him by changing his name and giving false nformation.McCandless did his best to not tell anyone where he was going, cut off all ties with his parents, and took no one with him when he went to Alaska. Comparing this to Treadwell, who told people where he was going , how long he was staying, and at a certain point started to take his girlfriend and it shows a great difference between the two men. Treadwell was a peaceful man, if unhinged due to mental disorders he refused to treat. He loved the animals he documented in his time in the wilderness, expecially the bears, and swore to never hurt them.Due to his, Treadwell never took a gun, pepper spray, or even bear repellent with him during his ten years of going to the Maze. Though essentric, Treadwell was actually rather smart in keeping the animals calm as he interacted with them. McCandless, though he displayed no real inclinations towards violence, was aware of the dangers in the wilderness. He knew the dangers of bears and wild animals and had taken a gun with him, a . 22, in order to hunt and possibly for protection even if he knew it would not actually be effective against large animals such as moose, caribou, or bears.The two men had very different views of the animals in the wilderness as is shown by this. Treadwell loved them to the point he would rather risk death then harm them while McCandless saw the dangers and prepared for them. The two men also greatly differed in how they prepared for their trips. Treadwell was well prepared with pleanty of provisions and the nessisary gear. This became more prevalent during his final years due to him having his girlfriend with him as he Alaskan wilds brought on by Jack London's books, among others, resulted in him being woefully unprepared. When entering the Alaskan wiled the first day,McCandless only had some spare clothes, some books, a few pounds of rice, and his gun. The two men died in the Alaskan wilds due, mostly in part, to their recklessness and over-estimation on how much they could handle. Treadwell stayed longer than he should have and this resulted in both he and his girlfriend tragically dying at the jaws of a starving grizzly. Had they left as planned instead of returning to the wilds due a mishap the two would have survived. McCandless went into the wilds and did surprisingly well for himself due to sheer dumb luck that eventually ran out.His choice to go unprepared and believing he could live off the land proved fatal when he was unable to get enough food and he slowly starved to death Just days before hunters arrived at the shelter that became his temporary grave. The two men showed a remarkable love for the wilderness and strove to change their lives for the better and live amongst the romanticized versions of what is actually a harsh reality. Despite both men dying in the wilderness, personal opinion leads me to believe that McCandless was more successful in his ultimate goal to change his life.Treadwell ad wanted to raise awareness of the bear's plight and protect them but had more than likely severely damaged the bears by habituating them to humans that could lead to more fatalities. McCandless had wanted to change his life, find a purpose. He wanted to leave society behind an d see if he could truly live away from it. While he ultimately died in Alaska his entire trip before the event, traveling cross country, and even to Mexico, had changed his life and views. Prior to his final days in Alaska it was shown that McCandless had achieved what he had set out to get, his own happiness.

Human Physical Appearance and Women Essay

Throughout these moments in time, the term beauty has slipped out of control and become something utterly dissimilar. The significance of beauty has developed into something so unappealing, so unpleasant, so repugnant, that even now society is coming to the apprehension that the way they are portraying the description of beauty is erroneous. Over time, ‘beauty’ has evolved to something rather peripheral. Being beautiful is turning into an undesirable act, that most girls will go into extremes, just to get a sense of feeling ‘beautiful. ’ Although beauty is now considered something by which your looks will define, during Greek times â€Å"beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Person’s then were assumed to be what we now have to call – lamely, enviously – whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person’s â€Å"inside† and â€Å"outside†, they expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind† (313, Sontag). Nevertheless, there was once a time where beauty was interpreted or described as something internal, unlike now, beauty goes more towards the looks. â€Å"Beautiful† people have lots going on for them. They are more confident, make more money, and get promoted faster than their â€Å"less attractive† colleagues. But for the career – driven women, beauty is a no-win situation; the public wants you to be attractive, but, at the same time, not so beautiful that it is off-putting. People might say that looks shouldn’t matter, but in the real world, they do. Women try so hard to look their best, and at the same time, feel their best. Women struggle a lot in trying to â€Å"fit in† to what society sees as being beautiful. Women nowadays alter their body parts, faces, and their diets in order to feel satisfied with themselves. A universal obsession that girls have been approaching with is that that they must be required to look a certain way to be thought of as pretty. Girls look up to celebrities and models and see how skinny, scrawny, almost skeletal, and undernourished they are and they get this idea that they must look like that in order to be noticed. A widespread trend that has been going around has been that of the name anorexia and bulimia. Starving yourself, or eating excessively and then purging – girls see it as something they must do in order to feel good about themselves. They glimpse these famous figures with their collarbones showing, thigh gaps, small waists, and they get this state of mind that they must achieve that to feel beautiful. Society and mass media are barraging women with images that portray what is considered to be the â€Å"ideal body. † Such standards of beauty are almost completely unattainable for most women; a majority of the models displayed on television and in advertisements are well below what is considered healthy body weight. Mass media’s use of such unrealistic models sends an implicit message that in order for a woman to be considered beautiful, she must be unhealthy. And this is what beauty is defined as in our time. Body image is a complicated aspect of the self-concept that concerns an individual’s perceptions and feelings about their body and physical appearance. Females of all ages seem to be so vulnerable in this area, starting off in their pre-teen years, going along throughout their existence. Body dissatisfaction is something that goes through most women or young girls at some point in their lives. Females have been found to experience dissatisfaction with physical appearance at a much higher rate than males, and women of all ages and sizes display body image disturbance. Concern over weight and appearance related issues often surfaces in a woman’s early life. Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating patterns have been found to be an especially prevalent issue in adolescent and college females. Body image becomes a major issue as females go through puberty; girls in mid-adolescence frequently report being dissatisfied with weight, fearing further weight gain, and being preoccupied with weight loss. This is a problem that we are now facing, and because of this many girls are suffering and going through difficult times, juts to feel good about themselves. The 20th century has seen a huge upsurge in the importance placed by Western society on physical beauty, particularly for women. The fashion, cosmetics and plastic surgery industries have thrived on 20th century preoccupation with physical appearance. It is a preoccupation that affects women in every sphere, whether they choose to pander to it or not. Definitions of beauty in the 20th century, when referring to human physical  beauty, are nearly always constructed in terms of outward appearance and sexual attractiveness. Images in the media today project an unrealistic and even dangerous standard of feminine beauty that can have a powerful influence on the way women view themselves. From the perspective of the mass media, thinness is idealized and expected for women to be considered â€Å"attractive. † Images in advertisements, television, and music usually portray the â€Å"ideal woman† as tall, white, and thin, with a â€Å"tubular† body, and blonde hair. This representation that is being portrayed has been a vast difficulty that girls are coming across of. They don’t feel beautiful, thus altering their ways of eating and the way they look very drastically in order to fit in. Only a very small percentage of women in Western countries meet the criteria the media uses to define â€Å"beautiful†; yet so many women are repeatedly exposed to media images that send the message that a woman is not acceptable and attractive if she does not match society’s â€Å"ultra-thin† standard of beauty. In recent years, women’s body sizes have grown larger, while societal standards of body shape have become much thinner. This discrepancy has made it increasingly difficult for most women to achieve the current sociocultural â€Å"ideal. † Such a standard of perfection is unrealistic and even dangerous. Many of the models shown on television, advertisements, and in other forms of popular media are approximately 20% below ideal body weight, thus meeting the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. Research has repeatedly shown that constant exposure to thin models fosters body image concerns and disordered eating in many females. Almost all forms of the media contain unrealistic images, and the negative effects of such idealistic portrayals have been demonstrated in numerous studies. The mass media’s depiction of women portrays a standard of beauty that is unrealistic and unattainable for a majority of women in society. Models shown in all forms of popular media are often under what is considered healthy body weight, which sends a powerful message that women must sacrifice their health to be considered attractive by societal standards. The negative effects of ultra-thin media images of women have been well documented; research has shown that females who are repeatedly exposed to and internalize the thin ideal are at greater risk to develop body image disturbance and eating pathology. Although it is clear that the media influences the way women view themselves, it is unclear how this process takes place. The social comparison theory, cultivation theory, and self-schema theory can be used to examine how media images of women come to affect the way women feel about their bodies and physical appearance. These perspectives also give some explanation for why some women show resilience to the negative effects of the media, while others are dramatically impacted. Nevertheless, beauty has become something rather disturbing and unwell. The image of beauty has been portrayed onto something so popularized that mostly all women around the world are being affected by it. Women are changing their ways and changing themselves to feel as if they fit in to what society expects of it. Beauty is still evolving, and is changing throughout the time, not for the better but for the worst.

An Overview Of The Transformation And The Expected Changes Of Middle Easts Air Travel Industry

An Overview Of The Transformation And The Expected Changes Of Middle East's Air Travel Industry Introduction: Over the past decade, there has been momentous change in the air travel industry in the Middle East. The rapid expansion of three Gulf-based airlines and the development of three major air travel hubs in the region has brought large amounts of new air service to these cities while the growing route networks of these carriers has put great pressure on other established airlines carrying passengers across the Eastern Hemisphere. Fifteen years ago, the region’s air travel market looked very different. A single airline, government-owned carrier Gulf Air, served as the flag carrier for Bahrain, Qatar, Abu Dhabi, and Oman. It operated services to Europe, Asia, Africa, and Oceania; however, lacking a central hub, it did not aim to service passengers traveling between those regions, focusing instead on origin and destination traffic to the Middle East. Traffic between these continents was left to the carriers based on each end of the route. One example of this is the Kangaroo Route wh ich refers to flights between Europe and Australia. Until the 2000’s, the Kangaroo Route was dominated by Qantas and British Airways who operated the flight with intermediate fuel stops in Southern Asia (Schofield, 2012). These long, point-to-point routes lack the efficiency and economies of scale that a centrally-located hub provides. In 1985, Emirates Airline began operations as a small carrier based in Dubai. This airline would eventually become a major rival to Gulf Air and spark the airline boom in the Middle East (â€Å"Our History†, 2012). Beginning in 2002, the states invested in Gulf Air began to withdraw and form their own state carriers with hubs in the capital of each. By 2006, Gulf Air was fully controlled by Bahrain and Qatar Airways, Oman Air, and Etihad Airways in Abu Dhabi had been formed. Since the inception of these carriers, three have grown dramatically through the expansion of their route networks, fleet sizes, and improvements to the airports at which they are based. These are Emirates, Etihad Airways, and Qatar Airways and have come to be known as the Middle East Three or ME3. In this memo, I will analyze the factors that have enabled the expansion of the ME3 and attempt to determine the effect the growth of these companies has had and will have on other air carriers. Findings: Changes in the Air Travel Market Some of the growth in the Middle Eastern air travel market can be attributed to trends that are affecting the industry globally. Long-haul air tickets have fallen over the past decade making intercontinental travel accessible to many more people. In the market for coach-class travel, consumers have become more price-sensitive and tend to opt for the lowest fare over other factors such as comfort or routing. This has led to the launch of numerous no-frills carriers and caused full-service carriers to increase seating capacity and decrease complimentary services in order to lower ticket prices and better compete. On the other hand, in the premium-class air travel market, competition has become centered on providing the most luxurious product in the sky (Smyth, 2008). The ME3 have outdone each other installing showers, private rooms, bars, and even an entire apartment in their first-class cabins. The introduction of codesharing and airline alliances has also enabled airlines to launch r outes that may previously have been unprofitable. Codesharing allows passengers traveling on one airline to seamlessly connect to a partner airline’s flight and stimulates demand for flights between the hubs of partner carriers. The ME3 all have extensive codeshare relationships with airlines from around the world, allowing them to sell tickets to a greater number of destinations and operate fuller flights (â€Å"What the,† 2005). Qatar Airways is also a member of the Oneworld alliance, enabling them to codeshare with all other member airlines as well as coordinate flight schedules and reciprocate frequent flyer benefits. Middle East Demographics and Geography Changes in the demographics and economies of Middle Eastern countries have also caused demand for air service in the region to grow, making expansion of the Middle East Three possible. Gulf nations have seen extreme growth in population largely due to immigration. Qatar’s population has seen average annual growth of around fifteen percent in the past decade (â€Å"Population growth,† 2015), while the United Arab Emirates has experienced a growth rate of around fourteen percent (â€Å"Demographic profile,† 2011). The population of expatriate and migrant workers in the UAE and Qatar has expanded rapidly as well in the past decade. Eighty-four percent of the UAE’s population and ninety percent of its workforce are made up of migrant workers, many of whom come from India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan (Malit, 2013). This has stimulated great demand for flights between Gulf countries and the home countries of their labor forces to serve workers beginning and ending their contracts and returning home to visit family. There has also been large economic growth in the Middle East. The UAE has averaged 4.66 percent year-over-year GDP growth in the past decade (â€Å"United Arab,† 2015), while Qatar has averaged 3.81 percent (â€Å"Qatar GDP,† 2015). This economic prosperity has created demand for skilled workers, especially in the finance and banking sectors. The Dubai Economic Council has even stated that â€Å"Dubai is heavily dependent on expatriates for continued economic growth and development† (Al Awad, 2008). Many of these expatriate workers come from Europe, East Asia, and North America. As companies open new offices in cities such as Doha, Dubai, and Abu Dhabi and send employees to these cities to conduct business, a great deal of corporate travel to the Gulf region is created, allowing air carriers to launch new routes and add capacity to other business hubs. The ME3 also have a geographic advantage. The hub cities of these carriers are located on or near the shortest route between Oceania and Europe and are centrally located in the Middle East region for connections to other cities in the region. They are also located close to the halfway point for travel between Europe and South Asia. These geographic factors make the ME3 ideally situated for handling connecting traffic between these regions using a hub and spoke model. Struggling Legacy Air Carriers The Gulf-based carriers have benefitted from the struggles and downfalls of other air carriers serving routes also covered by the ME3. A few examples of this are Air India, Kingfisher Airlines, and Qantas. State-owned Air India has faced severe financial woes since it chose to â€Å"aggressively dry and wet lease aircraft was taken to increase market share† in 2006 and unsuccessfully merged with Indian Airlines in 2007, according to an aviation analyst (Manju, 2009). They have since greatly reduced the scope of their operations, cutting routes and selling or leasing their long-haul aircraft to other carriers. The airline sold five of its long-haul Boeing 777 aircraft to Middle Eastern rival Etihad Airways and is focusing on growing its short-haul operations (â€Å"Air India,† 2013). Civil Aviation Minister Ajit Sing cited foreign competition as a cause of the troubles saying, â€Å"The airline cannot be complacent as there a lot of new airlines that are coming in. Both the management and employees of Air India must perform or perish† (Phukan, 2013). Another, younger, Indian air carrier, Kingfisher Airlines, did perish after experiencing a financial crisis stemming from its nonpayment of income taxes and subsequent bankruptcy. The carrier, which had been the second-largest in India by market share, suspended all operations permanently in 2012 (â€Å"Kingfisher Airlines,† 2012). The downsizing of Air India and elimination of Kingfisher from the marketplace has presented itself as a great opportunity for the ME3 carriers. Their hubs are geographically well positioned to serve traffic travelling between India and points westward and they are based in countries with large amounts of migrant labor traffic to India. Qantas Airways had historically dominated the Oceania to Europe market with its well-known Kangaroo Route; however the airline’s long-haul operations have been generating significant losses recently, causing the airline to implement cost-cutting measures and begin a restructuring campaign. This has involved Qantas’ elimination of 5,000 jobs, cessation of flights to Europe, growth of its low-cost subsidiaries, and formation of codeshare partnerships with other carriers to carry the airline’s Europe-bound traffic (â€Å"Qantas responds,† 2014). The Middle East-based carriers have again benefitted from this airline’s reduction in service. They have hubs that lie on the straight-line path between Australia and Europe and are capable of handling large amounts of connecting traffic between the regions. Qantas chose to discontinue its former flagship London service in favor of routing passengers through Dubai on flights operated by codeshare partner Emirat es (Leo, 2012). Future for Expansion The future for the Middle East Three continues to be bright. All three carriers have outstanding orders for significant numbers of large, long-haul, widebody aircraft. Qatar Airways has orders for aircraft that will expand its fleet by over 140 percent (â€Å"Our Fleet†). The Emirates fleet will expand by 130 percent and Etihad’s will grow by nearly 200 percent in the next decade (â€Å"Our fleet,† 2015). All of the ME3 carriers operate the world’s largest passenger aircraft, the 500-passenger Airbus A380. Emirates plans to operate a fleet of 140 of these aircraft and is already by far the largest operator of the aircraft type (â€Å"Our Fleet – The Emirates Experience,† 2015). The carriers plan to add new destinations to their route maps as additional capacity is added into the fleet with Qatar Airways opening at least four new cities within the next year. Etihad Airways has been especially aggressive in growing through the acquisition of stakes in other carriers. Etihad has purchased forty-nine percent stakes in struggling carriers Alitalia and Air Serbia, rebranded Switzerland-based Darwin Airlines as Etihad Regional to feed traffic from smaller European cities onto its Geneva to Abu Dhabi flights, and also has large holdings in Air Berlin, Air Seychelles, Virgin Australia, Jet Airways, and Aer Lingus. The airline has begun what it calls the Etihad Equity Alliance made up of all the carriers in which the airline has significant investment (â€Å"Etihad Airways’,† 2013). The airlines cooperate in a similar fashion to those in the big three traditional airline alliances; coordinating schedules, launching co-branded marketing campaigns, and enacting codeshare agreements. The home base hubs of each of the ME3 carriers are also undergoing significant improvement. Doha, Qatar’s airport was recently completely replaced to provide additional facilities for its main tenant, Qatar Airways and improve the passenger experience (â€Å"Hamad International†). The Dubai International Airport, home to Emirates, is currently completing its expansion Master Plan with a new Concourse D and expansion of Terminal 2 to be completed this year (Jain, 2011). Dubai has also opened a brand new airport called Al Maktoum International Airport to which some smaller carriers have moved, making room for the expansion of Emirates at Dubai International (Cohen, 2010). The Abu Dhabi International Airport is also being expanded with two new runways and an entirely new terminal complex to facilitate Etihad Airways’ growth (â€Å"Terminal Complex,† 2014). The expansion of these airports will allow the ME3 to further grow their operations, reduce congestion, and make the hubs more attractive as connecting points for transiting passengers. Response from Other Carriers Naturally, the extreme growth of the air travel market in the Middle East and the expansion of the Gulf-based airlines have impacted other players in the global airline market. This has led other air carriers to make changes to their operations in response. In order to compete with the ME3, Turkish Airlines has expanded their hub operation in Istanbul to accommodate more connecting traffic. Also well-positioned for handling traffic traveling from Europe to Asia, Turkish Airlines seeks to emulate the hub model of the ME3 in order to remain competitive (â€Å"Turkish Airlines,† 2013). The airline is also expanding its aircraft fleet with its fleet slated to expand by about seventy-five percent (â€Å"Turkish Airlines – Fleet,† 2014). Turkish Airlines is also promoting the construction of the Istanbul New Airport to allow the airline to expand further and alleviate congestion at Ataturk Airport. The development of the Middle Eastern air travel market by the ME3 and the population and economic expansion taking place in the area have also led to the launch of several low-cost air carriers in the region who target more price-sensitive travelers flying shorter routes. Air Arabia was founded in 2003 and operates from Sharjah, in an emirate not served by Etihad or Emirates. Profitable since its first year of operation, the airline’s fleet and route network continue to grow. Competing more closely with Dubai-based Emirates, low-cost carrier flyDubai launched in 2009 operating regional routes with coach-configured aircraft (Hofmann, 2009). They also continue to expand their fleet and move closer toward being a full-service carrier with the addition of a Business Class cabin in 2013 (Algethami, 2013). Fierce competition on the part of the ME3 has led to a number of airlines cancelling long-haul routes that are more easily served by the Gulf region’s hubs. As previously mentioned, the end of Qantas’ Kangaroo Route and their opting to partner with Emirates on the route signal that the ME3’s cost and geographic advantages have significantly impacted the operations of other players in the air travel market. British Airways also ended its Australia service and Air New Zealand cut its version of the Kangaroo Route, opting to fly to Europe via the Pacific with a stop in Los Angeles (Schofield, 2012). Numerous routes within the Middle East have also been impacted. Flights to countries such as Iran, Pakistan, and India have also largely been transferred from the local airlines of each nation to the ME3. The rapid growth of the ME3 has also led to some outcry from other airlines regarding possible unfair advantages possessed by the Gulf-based carriers. In the midst of a movement to begin an Open Skies agreement between the United States and United Arab Emirates in which carriers from each nation would have fewer restrictions on the routes and frequencies they operate between the countries, leaders of United, American, and Delta Air Lines recently issued a joint statement to the Department of Transportation in which they accused the ME3 of receiving â€Å"$42.3 billion in â€Å"quantifiable† subsidies since 2004, accompanied by other benefits including breaks on local airport infrastructure and services, exemptions from corporate taxes and advantages from â€Å"opaque† related-party transactions† and that this â€Å"clearly shows there has been subsidization of these carriers,† representing an unfair advantage (Carey, 2015). Conclusions: There are a number of factors that have enabled the Middle East Three to become dominant global air carriers. The near-dissolution of Gulf Air paved the way for three major hubs to form in Doha, Abu Dhabi, and Dubai, each with an independent airline. Increases in the amount of foreign investment and trade in the region have stimulated business traffic and immigration to the Gulf states, leading to greater demand for air travel. Global trends regarding consumer preferences in air travel purchases has helped validate the hub and spoke and high-density coach class configurations used by the ME3. The struggle and failure of other airlines serving destinations also served by the ME3 has allowed these carriers to easily expand into many lucrative markets. The growth of the ME3 has challenged other carriers to remain profitable on several long-haul routes and led to some effectively saying, â€Å"If we can’t beat ‘em, join ‘em,† and forming partnerships with the Gu lf carriers. The ME3 have helped cultivate the air travel market in the Middle East and enable new startup and low-cost carriers to launch. In order to better compete, some airlines, like Turkish, are attempting to emulate the ME3’s East to West hub model. All signs point to the ME3 continuing to expand for the foreseeable future. Each of the airlines has large aircraft orders outstanding and is working on improvements to its hub airport in order to facilitate further growth. The growth of the airline sector has also had a significant impact on the economy of the countries in which the ME3 are based. The Chairman of the Dubai Civil Aviation Authority said that the aviation industry â€Å"will contribute 32 percent to Dubais GDP by 2020† (â€Å"Thriving aviation,† 2014). The Middle East Three have benefitted from very fortunate geographic, demographic, and economic situations in their home region. Good planning and some possible government subsidies have enabled the rapid growth of these companies over the past decade. These carriers have become a force to be reckoned with in the global aviation market.

Discovery of a Time Capsule Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Discovery of a Time Capsule - Essay Example Time capsule has numerous benefits and limitations. Among the benefits of time Capsule include: they help Archeologist and future generation to learn about the development of human race and the society at large. In addition, Time Capsule provides vital information concerning people way of life in a given region at a given period. However, despite those benefits, Time Capsule tends to have some limitations. Among those limitations include: they may not adequately provided all the relevant information regarding people in a particular region. In addition, they tend to be based on a particular geographical location and hence, some of the most important facts regarding the entire nations may not be communicated. In addition, capsule tend to be buried on the ground whereby, the archeologist and future generation may not access them items and hence, making them quite an effective method of communication (Rosenberg, 2013).Therefore, this study aims to provide an insight of the five items wer e found in a time capsule of 1960 by Archeologist in the year 2325.In addition, the study will explain the importance of the five items found in defining the era of the 1960s. 1. Describe each of the five items you have found. The five items that were found in the 1960s capsule include: a letter containing information on Vietnam War, a piece of paper containing anti war songs, DVD and CD’S Containing 1960’s of 1960 and photographs of the assassinated political leaders. The letter A letter containing information on Vietnam War was written by Dien Hu to the U.S president requesting for their support after Dien Hu, a French Leader, was defeated by a revolutionary leader, Ho Chi Minh. The letter was further explained the causes of war as well as reasons why United State was involved in the Vietnam War in 1960’s.Based on the letter, the war erupted as a result of political and economic differences between the U.S and Vietnamese regarding the issue of communism. Where by, the United State was against the idea of having communist society because it pulled down the economic development a country. Additionally, the U.S feared that communism might spread into their entire region. However, having U.S being involved in the war, the U.S involvement was not to win the war but to help southern Vietnamese who dint like the idea of communism to take over the leadership. The U.S increased its military troops in Vietnam in the year 1965 to 1969 in order to try and defeat supporters of communism. However, U.S troops faced great challenges because they did not fully understood about the topography of Vietnam where Guerilla warfare tactics were being applied by their opponents (Rosenberg, 2013). Apiece of paper containing songs The paper contained the songs of the year 1960’s that were communicating vital message concerning the American people traditions, culture, society, theirs struggles. The most important messages contained in letter emphasized on the words like; change is goanna come and people must get ready for the struggle. For example, the song by Aretha Franklin containing the song â€Å"Respect† communicated vital message concerning struggle of the American people against racial discrimination especially among the black Americans. In his song Mr. Franklin was trying to communicate vital message to the American and society at large on the importance of respecting all kinds of people

Draper Manufacturing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Draper Manufacturing - Case Study Example For instance, when Brent asked Adam Fox about on time shipment of orders, Adam’s reply hinted the dearth of workforce rather than any other issue. Additionally, the company does not enjoy financial stability and growth, but is facing some serious financial, economic and environmental challenges. On the economic front, the increase in the oil price passing the point of $60 per barrel negatively impacts over the cost of the company as the petroleum is a basic raw material component for mattress. Second, the Gulf hurricanes severely damage the TDI, the chemical consumed to develop polyurethane foam. In addition, the Draper manufacturing also faces some competitive challenges from the competitors. In the recent times, there has been growing tendency to import low priced Asian products, which bring more challenges for the company. Â  Company has adopted some measures to reduce its cost burden. This is where the Draper manufacturing really needs put its efforts and try to bring imp rovements in order to meet the business challenges. Workforce diversity is going to be there, and it cannot be termed as a problem for the growth of the company. In conclusion, the Draper manufacturing faces business challenges rather workforce diversity issues.Although there is no doubt that the current workforce working in the company is diverse and belongs to different races, yet the cause of contention between or among them does not represent their personal views over the racial issues but the business issues.

Myers and Sadaghiani Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Myers and Sadaghiani - Essay Example t have been made by the author in the journal article are that the Millennials in the workforce are more motivated to work on tasks that are meaningful in nature and are essential for the attainment of organization’s aims and objectives. The second interesting point that the authors have made is that Millennials expect that they are provide with timely, continuous as well as constructive feedback which their managers and older coworkers might believe is unnecessary and time consuming. I agree with both the points made by the authors of the research article. I agree with the first point because any individual, whether young or old would be more motivated to work in those positions and on those tasks that are considered as significant by the organization and others. If they do not perceive that their work is of significance to others, they may feel that they are being used for work that is not necessary for the success of the organization and may end up being dissatisfied with that work. I agree that Millennials require timely, continuous and constructive feedback because they have recently graduated or joined the workforce and they require feedback in order to ensure that they are performing well on their tasks. Feedback and task significance are two important elements of job design that cause satisfaction among employees (Parikh, 2010). Myers, K. K., & Sadaghiani, K. (January 01, 2010). Millennials in the Workplace: A Communication Perspective on Millennials Organizational Relationships and Performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25, 2,

Sustainability for the Future Global Supply Chain Essay

Sustainability for the Future Global Supply Chain - Essay Example iled in the activity participate actively in all facets of the business process as they strive to institute sustainable competitive advantage for their businesses or organizations. The founding of a new or existing venture requires the conceptualization of the supply chain management in the business process and the institution of the concepts entailed in the practice to facilitate successful and sustainable supply chain (Palevich, 2012, p 13). The company Coffee Warehouse is a new business established to provide high quality, full service distribution of specialty beverages and related supplies to coffee houses and espresso stands throughout London. The combined effort of the principle owners brings the management office of the business at high levels of customer engagement service and experience in managing distribution and sales. Thus, from this perspective, the business will benefit significantly in exploring the concepts entailed in facilitating sustainable global supply chain. The Coffee Warehouse business provides high quality and full service distribution of coffee in the region of its operations. The ownership, which constitutes of Steve and Jennifer Smith both combine their experience in the capacity of office management, customer service and distribution and sales management. The firm has commitments to facilitate distribution to independent retailers throughout the London market and its outskirts, as it initializes its financial arrangements and progress in the supply chains. The sales projections of the firm began at $2, 229,000 the first year and increased accordingly in the second year and third year of operation to $2, 936,000. The net profit projection extends to $406,000 at the last part of this third year of operation. Therefore, observing the progress of the firm in its existent operation structures, the development of a sustainable supply chain is key to the projection of the business accordingly to higher levels of success. The firm has

Review the Capstone case Simon and Schuster, Inc. v. New York State Essay

Review the Capstone case Simon and Schuster, Inc. v. New York State Crime Victims Board on pages 412-417 of your textbook. Brief - Essay Example The Board then holds the money for satisfaction of all claims by the victims and creditors of the criminal or accused. The Court held that such a law smacks of First Amendment breach because of state imposition on content-based speech, which parallels the discriminatory tax law declared unconstitutional in Arkansas Writers’ Project Inc v Ragland 481 US 221. Two elements can be gleaned from the SC declaration of First Amendment inconsistency: the singling out of income from expressive activity, and; the singling out of â€Å"works with specified content.† This constitutional defect could have been overcome by compelling state interest, according to the SC, such as compensating victims of crimes or precluding criminals from profiting from their crimes. The disputed law, however, does not further state interest because there is no rationale in limiting its application to income derived from contents-based story of the criminal or accused. To allow the law entails placing i n its ambit a potentially large number of works such as the Confession of St. Augustine where he narrated stealing pears from his neighbor’s yard as an instance of moral weakness.

Answer the Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer the Questions - Assignment Example Random error occurs within the experiment itself. Bias is systematic errors in an epidemiologic study that brings an incorrect estimate of the connection between exposures and outcomes. Bias can be divided into categories that is the selection, and information bias. Selection bias occurs when selection into a study gives results that are different from what is expected if the entire population was involved (McDaniel and Roger, Pp 15). If an individual involves the whole population and collects accurate data, then an individual could compute the correct association. If sampling is not represented by outcome distribution of the whole population, the measures of connection will be biased. A typical example is a jar filled with marbles of 500 red and 500 blue that are mixed randomly. If a person pulls out 50 at random, he is likely to get 25 red and 25 blue. It is also possible to get 27 red and 23 or 29 blue and 21 red. An individual can also get 40 red or 10 blue, which is highly unlikely because each is likely to be proportioned (McDaniel and Roger, Pp 35). This is a form of random error. Systematic error might occur when the blue marbles are near the top, and the reds are at the bottom. When an individual pulls from the top, he is likely to get 37 blues and 13 red because an individual is not getting a sample that represent the whole jar. Behaviour targeting is the act of targeting users based on their behaviour of using the internet. This behaviour is used to target online ads, but the techniques can also be used to target products. Behavioural targeting is used to target the people that matter most. Behaviour targeting only needs to give the audience the right information and the message they need. It divides users according to the content they watch on the sites (McDaniel and Roger, Pp 56). They are also targeted with a message that is appropriate to that segment. Behaviour targeting is deployed in two ways, which are on-site and network targeting.

Spaghetti Western and the role of music in the revival of the western Essay

Spaghetti Western and the role of music in the revival of the western genre - Essay Example During this time, there was a division with Western genres, specifically with many who were interested in the genre because it was a part of their roots and upbringing. Others didn’t like the music as a main part of listening because of the other available alternatives that were available. This caused the genre of Western music to become specialized and to create divisions within society, specifically based on identity and what was considered as acceptable for listening. The identity was then based on those who lived in urban areas, lived with specific ideologies and which connected to different trends. This marginalization led to the country music filtering only to those who were interested in the lifestyle and which were interested in concepts such as the barn dance and country living (Tichi 1994: p. 9). The concept of country music is one which is reflective of the overall ideology of the Western genre and what it stood for before the Spaghetti Westerns. The identity which was used with the music as well as the understanding of what it meant to be a part of the Wild West and the western culture were all depictive of those living in the wild or on farms and working through the difficulties that were a part of this. It was from these characteristics that the Spaghetti Western began to gain its values and to understand the overall culture which became the Western genre used both in movies and in other forms of expression in the mainstream culture. History of Spaghetti Westerns The concept of country Western music didn’t move into a popular genre until there was revitalization in the late 1960s and 1970s. This was based on other aspects of the genre, specifically which were... This "Spaghetti Western and the role of music in the revival of the western genre" outlines the historical aspects of western music and the concept of the Spaghetti Western. The concept of country Western music didn’t move into a popular genre until there was revitalization in the late 1960s and 1970s. This was based on other aspects of the genre. The 1960s and 1970s flourished with this concept specifically with the genre of westerns in film and the use of different ideologies which were based on the Western. The context which was used included those who had built American history, settled the West and which continued to live in difficulty to make history and to create a future for those interested in the culture. The idolization of the West not only led into a reminiscence of history but also was based on other cultures looking at the Western to show the attitudes and myths that were a part of settling the West. The European reflection of this was seen in the Spaghetti Weste rn, named after the Italian directors that were interested in creating the genre of film (Frayling: 2006: p. 13). The main ideology that was created with the Spaghetti Western was to understand and explore the culture which had framed America and which continued to shape the identities of the Americans. Synchronization and dubbing for country – specific concepts were used in this. The synchronization was inclusive of changing the setting to a Western region, including the identity of cowboys and changing the voices to the Western style of speaking.

Better Pay and Working Conditions in Multinational Essay Example for Free

Better Pay and Working Conditions in Multinational Essay Reaction Paper Part I: Identification Alexander Hijzen and Paul Swaim, â€Å"Do multinationals promote better pay and working conditions? † OECD (Organization for Economic Development) Observer, October 2008; Issue 269, pp 15 – 17. Part II: Abstract Summary The article examines the behavior of international business enterprises, also known as multinational enterprises (MNEs), wages and working conditions, from the perception of the Organization for Economic Development (OECD). It gives a basic definition of a MNE as a corporation with headquarters in one country and affiliates, subsidiaries or merged operations in one or several other countries. Example MNE’s mentioned in the article include: Coca-Cola, Nike, Microsoft, EDF (French energy company), Rio Tinto (British-Australian mining firm), and Toyota. The article notes that there are thousands of MNEs and that they all are not a symbol of Western economic dominance. Some of the top firms listed now in FT one of the UK’s top international business magazines includes China, Russia, India, and Brazil. First, the article addresses the pro and con opinions that supporters and opponents of globalization bring to the working table of MNE’s. It stresses the fact that no matter what one’s opinion may be, the role of the MNEs in the world economy will continue to grow. Next, the article discusses the nature of MNEs as well as notes their advantages on employment (wages and working conditions). Concerning the wages, the article mentions that MNEs’ technical expertise and modern management styles would provide a basis for higher pay wages. However, the pessimists doubt the higher pay since the MNEs are typically in a strong bargaining position with local workers. The article explains that the best way to answer the question do multinational promote better pay and working conditions was to present a comparison of local and foreign companies in terms of their labor practices. So a study was completed to report on this question. The study showed that MNEs do tend to pay more than local firms that compete in the same markets. In general the pay is 40% higher. The study also noted that the pay may be higher to minimize worker turnover and reduce monitoring cost. These results were based upon the report focusing on three OECD countries (Germany, Portugal, and the UK) and two emerging economies (Brazil and Indonesia). Then the author presented the results from the study of those newly hired workers pay vs. those workers who moved from a domestic to a foreign-owned firm, as well as their adjustments to labor practices/working conditions. The study showed higher wages for newly hired workers and small losses or no effect for those moving to foreign firms. Several previous studies were mentioned which noted that multinational tend to adapt to local practices rather than impose their own. Finally, the author expresses the effect that experienced managers have on MNE’s. It has been proven that local firms that recruit managers with experience in multinationals enjoy higher productivity. They can more easily recognize and enforce internationally accepted labor standards. In the end, it is noted that not only experienced managers but also government support is what will help the MNEs be productive and help development.

Effects of students attitude on their performance

Effects of students attitude on their performance In a developing country like Pakistan, education is considered most important factor in the advancement of a nation. The role of students in developing a country is huge. You cant expect a country to develop if it doesnt have literate people. These students who are studying would be working tomorrow. They would be working for the public, private sector etc. These students, if perform well, can serve as pillars, the country would be standing on in future. And there are several factors which, if identified can improve students performance. In my views among all factors, attitude has a powerful impact on students performance. As Winston Churchill quotes Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference. Earl Nightingale said that a great attitude does much more than turn on the lights in our worlds; it seems to magically connect us to all sorts of serendipitous opportunities that were somehow absent before the change. Attitudes are generally positive or negative views about person, place, thing, or event-in brief attitudes are judgments. They develop on the ABC model (affect, behavior, and cognition). The behavioral intention is a verbal indication or typical behavioral tendency of an individual. The cognitive response is a cognitive evaluation of the entity that constitutes an individuals beliefs about the object. Most attitudes are the result of either direct experience or observational learning from the environment. Students can increase their performance if they are told that their faulty or negative attitudes are influencing their GPAs badly. The primary objective of this study is to prove to the less scoring students that they can increase their performance by changing their negative attitudes like their beliefs, behaviors or thinking. Most of the students that are unable to perform well thinks that its just the fault of their dumb minds but they do not consider their own attitudes that are significantly affecting their performance. My objective is to prove to them that bringing a change in their faulty attitudes can increase their performance, as those students who have positive attitudes are able to score high. In this way overall class will be performing better and this will * HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: STUDENTS PERFORMANCE: Students performance or their success is greatly linked with their attitudes i.e their beliefs, feelings or behaviors. Harry F.Bank has quoted that for success, attitude is equally as important as ability. Funmi Wale-Adegbite has stressed more as he said that Success is 80% attitude and 20% aptitude. Sterling W. Sill said that everything depends on attitude. We get good grades or poor grades, it depends on our attitude. Thomas Jefferson say that Nothing can stop the man with the right mental attitude from achieving his goal; nothing on earth can help the man with the wrong mental attitude. H1= Students performance greatly depends upon attitude. STUDENTS ATTITUDE: Attitude is Evaluative statements of judgment concerning objects, people or events. There are three components of attitude that are as follows: Cognitive Attitude: The opinion or belief segment of an attitude Effective Attitude: The emotional or feelings segment of an attitude Behavioral Components: An intention to behave in a certain way towards someone or something. Students performance is affected by all three components. Belief segment of attitude influences students performance significantly as Michael Korda said To succeed, we must first believe that we can. H2= There is positive and significant relationship between Cogniti0n, attitude and students performance Emotions play an important part in our lives, and even more so in self-improvement. Often times, successful people are those who know how to take control of their emotions and use it to their benefit- Ethan Beh H3= Affective component plays an important role in determining attitude and influences performance significantly. When you change your behavior, you change your performance. Author Unknown, from by changing your thinking. Kirby, Winston et al. (2002) focused on students impatience (his time-discount behavior) that influences his own academic performance. H-4= Attitude relies on behavioral segment as well. MODEL: Attitude Students performance Behavioral component Affective component Cognitive component This model shows that attitude significantly effects performance. In this model students performance is an independent variable and attitude is a dependent variable. Whereas cognitive, affective and behavioral are the components of attitude. METHODOLOGY: SAMPLE: As sample we had taken students of MBA 2nd and 3rd semester that are 90 in total. In order to fill questionnaires, Students were selected randomly. 25 questionnaires were made and all were utilized. PREPARATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE: Questionnaire comprised of thirteen questions in total. First question was regarding their performance i.e. GPA in previous semester. It had three options that are 2.5-3.0, 3.0-3.5, and 3.5-4.0. Rest twelve questions were regarding attitude i.e four questions from each component. Every question had three options yes, no and sometimes. PROCEDURE: After questionnaires were filled. We counted the no. of students choosing each option. We also counted the student falling in each category of performance. After it was done we made table showing overall calculations. We also calculated percentages regarding result of each question and also made pie charts for convenience purpose. The purpose of doing all this was to show that good performers have comparatively good attitudes and vice versa. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: Following is the result of first question that was meant to checkout students performance. QUESTIONS 2.4-3.0 3.0-3.5 3.5-4.0 1.GPA in previous semester 11 9 5 *Q.2-Q.5, Q.6-Q.9, Q.10-Q.13 YES NO SOMETIMES 2.Do you feel good about your subjects? 60 30 10 3.Do you feel bad when your friend gets good marks? 40 52 8 4.Do you feel your teacher is competent? 68 20 12 5.Do you feel bored when your teacher delivers lecture? 52 33 15 6.Do you irritate your teacher intentionally by asking silly questions? 24 60 16 7.Do you dream during class? 48 45 7 8.Are you in a habit of producing different sounds during lecture? 52 32 16 9.Do you misbehave in class? 44 50 6 10.Do you perceive that teachers attention is directed towards specific students as favoritism or biasness? 44 40 16 11.Do you perceive that your subjects are challenging? 48 36 16 12.Do you feel your teacher deducts your marks intentionally? 24 64 12 13.Do you feel your outcome is less than the efforts you are putting in? 56 40 4 In beginning of questionnaire development, I set the performance standard. Students falling in GPA 3.0 were considered poor performers or weak students. Those between 3.0-3.5 were labeled good whereas above that GPA were categorized as brilliant students. As in fig. 1 the results showed that 44% students lie in weak category.36% are good students whereas only 20% are brilliant performers. Fig.1 Now our intention was to check up the feelings or affective part of students attitude. So we asked them that do they like their subjects and the result is depicted as follows: Fig.2: We got a higher percentage of students who had a positive attitude towards their chosen subjects. But at the same time there were 30% students who had not actually liked there subjects. Means the problem with attitude of some students was that they didnt feel good about their subjects. There can be many possible reasons to this. But overall affect it had was on their performance. Our third question was directly looking up for sign of jealousy (a highly negative feeling) in students. It straightly asked them that do they feel jealous when any friend gets good marks and the results are shown through pie chart i.e. Fig.3 The result clearly showed that there are a lot of jealous students in class. Jealousy is a form of negative attitude and is related to the feeling or affective segment. This was a big reason for a high percentage of low scoring students in class. it is very important for a student to feel good about his/her teacher and feel that teacher is competent. But when they were asked about their feeling about competence of their professor, 40 percent felt that the teacher is incompetent. Its a fairly high percentage. And clearly told the reason for bad performance of students in exams. Results to the question that do they feel bored during lecture directly favored my hypothesis. Next four questions were aimed at faulty attitudes regarding behaviors. By the results of our next question, we found out that students biggest problem lies with their behavior in class. It was because 60% students admitted that they irritate their teacher intentionally by asking silly questions. We had observed that the backbenchers of our class produce different sounds during lecture in order to interrupt or tease the teacher. So we thought to include this question also. Surprisingly students were honest enough to admit that they are in habit of producing different sounds during lecture. 52% marked yes to this question. Overall result to this question is shown in fig. There were many i.e. 44% who even admitted that they misbehave in class. And the result was this: Attitudes major and equally important component is cognitive component. Here we included last four questions, which purely dealt with students believes or opinions. Our first question regarding cognition was that do they perceive that teacher favors specific students and the answer were: Our thinking can affect our performance sign -ANALYSIS As it is clear from our results that the results show what was intended. The students who try and make progress in there studies with positive attitude are always successful while those who are negative in there behavior are more concerned about the negative outcomes which lead to there failure. The results of the questionnaire are also same as intended. -OVERALL DISCUSSION CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: -HYPOTHESIS WAS THIS -MY RESULT WAS THIS -COMPARE UR CONCLUSION WITH ANYONES -RECOMMENDATIONS